After Mexican forward Hirving Lozano scored in the first half of the match, seismologists detected vibrations in Mexico City. Update (June 23, 10:45 ET): Mexico’s National Seismolo...However, according to service dog laws in Arizona state specifically, it is not legal to deny a service dog in training (SDiT) from a public place. So, anywhere the general public is allowed or invited to go must permit a service dog in training, just the same as a fully trained service dog.There is no official registry for service dogs in Texas and service dog certificates are not a formal requirement. Any service dog registry claiming to be government operated or sanctioned is not true. Business operators and government officials cannot legally require proof of registration, training or licensing as a condition to …Learn how to register a service animal or a service animal in training voluntarily in North Carolina, without documentation or certification. Download the registration …When it comes to registering a domain for your website, using Google Domains is a popular choice among many website owners. With its user-friendly interface and reliable service, i...Here's how: Step 1: Choose Your Registration Kit. Choose what's right for you. Whether you only need a service dog ID card and certificate, or need a vest, leash, tag, or an ESA letter assessment, we have everything you need. Step 2: Provide Your Info. Submit basic information like the handler name, dog name, photo of the dog, and whether the ...Virginia's service animal law applies to all public places like: public buildings and facilities. streets and sidewalks. businesses, and. any other place to which the general public is invited. In addition, it applies to all common carriers and public modes of transportation, like buses, trains, and subways.AKC.org offers information on dog breeds, competition events, club search for training and services, dog ownership and registration to help you discover more things to enjoy with your dog.Feb 15, 2024 · Finding a suitable animal. Selecting a service dog involves considering various factors. Although any dog breed can be a service dog, suitability varies based on individual needs, personalities, and living situations. Begin by identifying the tasks you need assistance with and how your disability impacts daily life. Aug 7, 2023 · Register Your Service Dog Once you qualify, you can opt to register your dog with registries like ServiceDogCertifications. Although not mandatory, many handlers find it beneficial to have identifiers like a registered identification card, tags, or vests to signify their dog as an assistance animal, thus avoiding potential misunderstandings. Dec 18, 2023 · 4. Record your dog performing the Public Access Test for documentation. Official certification of the Public Access Test usually isn't required or given. If you need verification of your dog passing the Public Access Test, record your dog completing the test. You can then use the video as proof if required. There is no official registry for service dogs in Texas and service dog certificates are not a formal requirement. Any service dog registry claiming to be government operated or sanctioned is not true. Business operators and government officials cannot legally require proof of registration, training or licensing as a condition to …Learn the steps to register your service dog with a private organization like Service Dog Certifications. Find out why you should or shouldn't register your …Under Alabama law and the ADA, a service animal is any dog individually trained to perform tasks or do work for the benefit of a person with a disability. In addition, the ADA covers miniature horses that are individually trained. To be covered under these laws, the tasks or work your service dog does must be directly related to your disability. For convenience and to ensure proper access as intended by the ADA, many service dog handlers choose to voluntarily register their dogs as service dogs and carry a digital ID card and/or certificate with them, or use physical markers such as a collar, bandana, or ID tag. This can prevent uncomfortable situations or confusion when interacting ... Aug 23, 2023 · A service dog helps a person with a disability to lead a more independent life. According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a service dog is “a dog that is individually trained to do ... Service Dogs, Inc. provides the dogs and lifetime follow up free of charge. Applicants are responsible for: A non-refundable $50 application fee. Travel and lodging costs to attend Applicant Orientation Day at our Training Center in Dripping Springs, Texas. Clients are responsible for: Travel and lodging costs to attend Matching (1 day) and ...Nov 28, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Let’s say you’ve had a bad experience with a business. Maybe they haven’t delivered on their promises to you, or perhaps they engaged in false advertising. Maybe you had a customer...Nov 28, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Here is a brief summary of the steps to train a service dog this article will address: Understand Service Dog Tasks: Identify the specific tasks the dog will need to perform based on the handler’s disability. Basic Obedience Training: Teach your dog basic commands like “sit,” “stay,” “come,” “down,” and “heel.”.When you register your dog with us, you will receive your official AKC certificate. This certificate will contain detailed information about your dog. You’ll also gain access to resources and ...New residents of the county must license their dog or cat within 60 days. To apply for a license, you will need a copy of your pet’s rabies certificate, copy or proof of your pet’s spay/neuter status, and proof of your pet’s age. For more information on licensing requirements, please visit PetData , call (866) 925-5906, go to PetData’s ... The American Canine Association, Inc. - ACA Dogs. Registering a pet with the American Canine Association is painless with our simplified forms and online services. ACA provides all owners of registered canines with full pedigree services and certifications for health tracking, obedience and conformation titling. Service Dog Registration and Certification Guide. Many sites offer "registration" or "certification" for your service dog for a fee. Contrary to popular belief, service dog registration or certification is not legally required. The only requirement for a legitimate service dog is specialized training on tasks related to their handlers disability.Registering your service dog is not only easy, but has positive benefits that can last you a lifetime. 1.The main benefit of registering your service dog is to stay informed and receive important information impacting owners in a timely manner. 2. The information you receive goes beyond changes to the law, but also provides registrants … Dog licensing fees are set by municipal ordinance but the maximum that can be charged annually is $21.00. License fees are kept by the municipality and used for animal and rabies control activities. Municipal licensing clerks also collect the following additional fees when the dog is licensed: $1.00 for each dog licensed that is forwarded to ... With the input from over 100 Service Dog handlers in America, the United States Service Dog Registry (USSDR) represents the most democratic realization of an assistance animal registry and training and behavior standards agreement to-date. The results are a Registry with completely free and voluntary online self-registration hosted by an ... 5. Register Your Service Dog With an Animal Registry. Finally, gather the proper materials and send them to the service animal registry of your choice. In Florida, you’ll need a photo of your dog, training papers, medical documentation of your disability, and basic information like your and your dog’s names.The Transportation Security Administration has released a 2021 calendar featuring its most adorable working dogs, with detailed information about each. You might not be frequenting...At Service Dogs for America, our mission is to train and certify service dogs for individuals with disabilities. Applicants from the lower 48 United States will be considered, regardless of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation.– A service animal is a dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a disability. The work or tasks must be directly related to the individual’s …Your dog registration ID card will be delivered electronically by e-mail within minutes and will contain your dog's lifetime registration number for future lookup in our database at any time. You can print out your dog's electronic ID card at home or pull it up on your cell phone to show to anyone who asks. $39$55.Nov 12, 2019 · Conclusion. Registering a service dog in Ontario is a simple but necessary procedure for every owner, helping to reduce many problems or discrimination when you take your service partner outside. A service dog, under Ontario law, is a dog trained to help a specific individual with a disability. Check here if you are qualified for a service dog. Some offer a benefit, such as a reduced dog license fee, for individuals who register their service animals. Registries for purposes like this are permitted under the ADA. An entity may not, however, require that a dog be registered as a service animal as a condition of being permitted in public places. This would be a violation of the ADA. BREEDSWelcome to our service dog laws Illinois guide and FAQ page, updated for 2023. Service dog laws in Illinois require that a specially trained service dog (sometimes called assistance dog, in housing situations and in Europe) be allowed to accompany a person with a disability to all public accommodations and public carriers, with a …have evidence of a disability from a medical practitioner, and · have a completed Veterinarian Declaration Form (PDF 62KB) to demonstrate your assistance animal ...4. Emotional support dog registration requirements. Federal and state rules do not require you to register your emotional support dog. You also do not need a vest or ID card for your emotional support animal. Many ESA owners, however, choose to voluntarily register their animals and obtain ID cards and other accessories.An ACA-registered dog is a dog that is listed under the American Canine Association’s registry. Dog registries in general list dogs for the purposes of breeding and exhibition. The...Anyone who is living with a disability in Ontario is eligible to get a service dog. Service dogs are meant to : Help with daily life and other tasks. Improve the quality of life and keep people safe. Provide access to different opportunities. Service Dog …A service dog must be individually trained to a physically disabled person's requirements. The law doesn't apply to other types of animals, nor to dogs who assist those with other types of disabilities, such as psychiatric or other mental disabilities. Oklahoma businesses still must comply with the ADA, which applies more broadly as noted above.To make your dog a service dog, you have the option of either self-training or enrolling them in a dedicated service dog training program. 2. Check That You Qualify for a Service Dog. Any individual living with a “physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability” who has the means to acquire one, or who can provide ...VISUAL ASSISTANCE DOG. WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE DOG. Register A Service Dog or Emtional Support Support Animal Now With The Most Trusted Registry. High-Quality ID Cards Delivered Instantly & Shipped Free.The ADA defines a service dog as “any dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability.”. The ADA protects those with both physical and mental or emotional disabilities. The ADA only legally protects service dogs, explicitly prohibiting any other species of …Feb 15, 2024 · Finding a suitable animal. Selecting a service dog involves considering various factors. Although any dog breed can be a service dog, suitability varies based on individual needs, personalities, and living situations. Begin by identifying the tasks you need assistance with and how your disability impacts daily life. true. Dog Registration. Fields marked with an *are required. STEP 1 - Enter AKC Registration Number. Enter your puppy's AKC Registration Number in the field below, and press "Continue". The number is located in the "Information" section at the top of your application. Email Address. AKC Registration Number.K.S.A. 39-1101 et seq. Yes. K.S.A. 39-1113 defines an assistance dog as “any guide dog. Hearing assistance dog, or service dog,” and then defines each of these types of dogs. “Guide dog means a dog which has been specially selected, trained, and tested for the purpose of guiding a person who is legally blind. The American Canine Association, Inc. - ACA Dogs. Registering a pet with the American Canine Association is painless with our simplified forms and online services. ACA provides all owners of registered canines with full pedigree services and certifications for health tracking, obedience and conformation titling. No registration fee for special category dogs. There is no registration fee for dogs in the special category. You still have to register the dog annually to ... Service Dog Identification & Registration. Service Dogs Canada provides the latest in Service Dog equipment, which includes a vest with service dog patches embroidered on each side, wallet card, a collar tag and certificate identifying your dog as a service dog. Your disability qualifies your dog to be a service dog. When it comes to registering a domain for your website, using Google Domains is a popular choice among many website owners. With its user-friendly interface and reliable service, i...Jul 20, 2022 · The ADA ensures a service dog can accompany its handler anywhere the public is allowed. State and local governments have their specifics regarding the ADA, but a service dogs’ registration database is available to every owner. The Service Dog Registration is not a government entity, but a privately owned company that helps service dog owners ... any person accompanied by an assistance dog may keep the dog in his immediate custody while a tenant in any apartment, or building used as a public lodging. KRS § 258.500. Violation results in fine of not less than $250 to no more than $1,000, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than 10 nor more than 30 days, or both. KRS § 258 ...Jul 28, 2022 · Welcome to our service dog laws in New Jersey guide and FAQ page, updated for 2023. Service dog laws in New Jersey require that a specially trained service dog (sometimes known as “assistance dog,”) be allowed to accompany a person with a disability to all public accommodations and public carriers, with a few exceptions. 5. Register Your Service Dog With an Animal Registry. Finally, gather the proper materials and send them to the service animal registry of your choice. In Florida, you’ll need a photo of your dog, training papers, medical documentation of your disability, and basic information like your and your dog’s names.A service dog must be individually trained to a physically disabled person's requirements. The law doesn't apply to other types of animals, nor to dogs who assist those with other types of disabilities, such as psychiatric or other mental disabilities. Oklahoma businesses still must comply with the ADA, which applies more broadly as noted above.After Mexican forward Hirving Lozano scored in the first half of the match, seismologists detected vibrations in Mexico City. Update (June 23, 10:45 ET): Mexico’s National Seismolo.... Service dogs are guide or service dogs prescribed for a disabled veteran under 38 CFR 17.148 for the purpose of the veteran being diagnosed as having a visual, hearing, or substantial mobility impairment. Recognized S ervice Dogs for the Insurance Benefit: VA will recognize, for the purpose of paying benefits the following service dogs: …Input the name of your service dog. Enter the name the service dog typically responds to. Input the name of the service dog handler. The handler would be the name of the person who the dog performs tasks for. Upload a picture of your service dog. Choose a photo that is clear and provides an accurate representation of your dog.Oct 2, 2022 · Welcome to our service dog laws Arkansas guide and FAQ page, updated for 2023. Service dog laws in Arkansas require that a specially trained service dog (sometimes called an assistance dog, in housing situations and in Europe) be allowed to accompany a person with a disability to all public accommodations and public carriers, with a few exceptions. The British Columbia administration defines service dogs and handlers with disabilities in their “ Guide Dog and Service Dog Act ”. Service dogs are limited in some areas like food processing premises and the service dogs are not permitted to occupy a seat in public transportation. No ID cards are issued by the local administration.Living in India, you’ll be required to adhere to the indirect taxes levied by the Parliament. The Goods and Service Tax, also abbreviated GST, is one such indirect tax. You can reg...A service animal is any dog or in some cases, a ... There is no federal law that mandates the registration of service animals or requires them to wear specific ...Maryland's service animal law applies to guide dogs, signal dogs, and other animals that are individually trained to perform tasks for people with disabilities. The tasks a service animal might be trained to do include things like: pulling a wheelchair. detecting the onset of a seizure. picking up dropped items.VISUAL ASSISTANCE DOG. WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE DOG. Register A Service Dog or Emtional Support Support Animal Now With The Most Trusted Registry. High-Quality ID Cards Delivered Instantly & Shipped Free. With the input from over 100 Service Dog handlers in America, the United States Service Dog Registry (USSDR) represents the most democratic realization of an assistance animal registry and training and behavior standards agreement to-date. The results are a Registry with completely free and voluntary online self-registration hosted by an ... Under the ADA Americans with Disabilities Act federal laws, “ Service animal means any dog individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or ...The American Pit Bull (and all the Pitty breeds) can make excellent Service Dogs. However, like any other dog, early socialization, proper training, and positive reinforcement all work together to create a well-rounded canine. Service dogs are entitled to public access rights with their handler.Learn how to make your dog a service dog under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by verifying your animal's …Service dogs can help people with a variety of conditions, ... Keep in mind: Although some websites allow you to register your service dog online, there is no official database or registry of service dogs, so beware of scams sites offering a service dog license. Below, some more information about your rights with a service dog.It is possible to register a dog without any registration papers from the seller. An owner must provide proof that the dog in question has a lineage that goes back to registrable s...How to Register a Service Dog in Alabama. Step 1: Identify the Right Service Dog for Your Disability. Step 2: Ensure Proper Training. Step 3: Consider Optional Registration. Emotional Support Animals in Alabama. Living with Your Service Dog in Alabama. This is how to register a service dog in Alabama. Service dogs in …Service Animal Defined by Title II and Title III of the ADA. A service animal means any dog or miniature horse that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, among other ...C. A. § 44-17-404. s added that makes it an offense to maim or harm, or attempt to do so, or permit an animal owned to harm a service animal (violation is a Class A misdemeanor). Under the law, it is an offense to knowingly interfere with a service animal in the performance of its duties (Class C misdemeanor).Yes, service dogs are allowed to board flights free of charge. U.S. airlines require the submission of a self-certifying D.O.T. form for service dogs and psychiatric service dogs. The service dog owner completes the form, who will certify that the dog is a trained service animal required for a disability.Service Dog Registration and Certification Guide. Many sites offer "registration" or "certification" for your service dog for a fee. Contrary to popular belief, service dog registration or certification is not legally required. The only requirement for a legitimate service dog is specialized training on tasks related to their handlers disability.Service Dogs, Inc. provides the dogs and lifetime follow up free of charge. Applicants are responsible for: A non-refundable $50 application fee. Travel and lodging costs to attend Applicant Orientation Day at our Training Center in Dripping Springs, Texas. Clients are responsible for: Travel and lodging costs to attend Matching (1 day) and ...In evaluating whether an applicant may successfully participate in our program, we consider the following criteria: Must be a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Must be at least 18 years of age. Must have a fenced in yard. Apartment dwellers will …After Mexican forward Hirving Lozano scored in the first half of the match, seismologists detected vibrations in Mexico City. Update (June 23, 10:45 ET): Mexico’s National Seismolo...If applying for a PTSD service dog, applicants must meet all of the following criteria: Must be at least 21 years old. Must possess the physical and developmental capacity to handle a service dog independently. Must have an official PTSD diagnosis from a qualified and licensed mental health professional. Must be actively engaged in therapy for ...Although the dog was a service animal, the hospital was allowed to have the dog removed. The court said that the dog threatened the health and safety of others at the hospital. The court also pointed out that patient did nothing to help the hospital contain the smell or help with other problems related to the presence of the service animal.Arizona Service Dog Laws. Intentionally or knowingly interferes with, kills or harms a working or service animal without either legal privilege or consent of the owner (class 6 felony). Intentionally or knowingly allows any dog that is under the person’s custody or control to interfere with, kill or cause physical injury to a service animal ...Jan 2, 2016 · If a person’s guide dog is killed or sustains injuries that result in death or permanent disability caused by the unlawful and intentional, or negligent, act of another or the animal of another, then the trier of fact may find the individual causing the death or the owner of the animal causing the death liable for economic damages, which ... true. Dog Registration. Fields marked with an *are required. STEP 1 - Enter AKC Registration Number. Enter your puppy's AKC Registration Number in the field below, and press "Continue". The number is located in the "Information" section at the top of your application. Email Address. AKC Registration Number. Step 2: Ensure Proper Training. This is the most important step in having your dog become a service dog in Nevada. Training and temperament are the key aspects and markers of a service dog. Nevada does not issue or require any formal training certifications. This aspect of the process is completely self-regulated by the community. If applying for a PTSD service dog, applicants must meet all of the following criteria: Must be at least 21 years old. Must possess the physical and developmental capacity to handle a service dog independently. Must have an official PTSD diagnosis from a qualified and licensed mental health professional. Must be actively engaged in therapy for ...Although all dogs offer an emotional connection with their owner, to legally be considered an emotional support dog, also called an emotional support animal (ESA), the pet needs to be prescribed ...If you are the owner of a female CKC-registered dog that has had puppies with a male CKC-registered dog of the same breed, you can register the entire litter of puppies. This will make it easier for future owners to register their dogs, as it will establish the lineage and provide the puppy with a unique …Maryland's service animal law applies to guide dogs, signal dogs, and other animals that are individually trained to perform tasks for people with disabilities. The tasks a service animal might be trained to do include things like: pulling a wheelchair. detecting the onset of a seizure. picking up dropped items.If you’re a dog owner, you may have found yourself in need of dog boarding services at some point. Whether it’s for a weekend getaway or an extended vacation, finding the right boa...Taking your dog along when you go camping, hiking, or to the park is fun for both you and your pup, but they can wander off and get into trouble. Here’s a way you can give them fre... Step 2: Ensure Proper Training. This is the most important step in having your dog become a service dog. Training and temperament are the key aspects and markers of a service dog. Colorado does not issue or require any formal training certifications. This aspect of the process is completely self-regulated by the community. Identify the right service dog for your disability; Ensure proper training; Registering and certifying your service dog; Step 1: Identify the right service dog for your disability. While any dog breed is eligible to be a service dog, certain breeds have characteristics and instincts that allow them to excel at specific tasks. Whether you have a ...Bringing your dog to work can help relieve stress. It’s shown that employees at workplaces that allow dogs in the office have lower levels of stress and improved …Submit your portion of the application to Service Dogs of Virginia, P.O. Box 408 Charlottesville, VA 22902. Please include the $100, non-refundable application fee with Part 2 to SDV. You may also pay your application fee online at Application Fee. Submit the medical releases and medical history forms to your health care …Oct 30, 2023 · Service Dog Registration and Certification Guide. Many sites offer "registration" or "certification" for your service dog for a fee. Contrary to popular belief, service dog registration or certification is not legally required. The only requirement for a legitimate service dog is specialized training on tasks related to their handlers disability. The ADA ensures a service dog can accompany its handler anywhere the public is allowed. State and local governments have their specifics regarding the ADA, but a service dogs’ registration database is available to every owner. The Service Dog Registration is not a government entity, but a privately owned …Under the ADA, a service animal is defined as a dog that has been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for an individual with a disability. The task (s) performed by the dog must be directly related to the person’s disability. ADA – FAQ. Medical Alert Service Dog “Koda” @thatlilbearkoda.Dec 14, 2023 · Bring Your Dog Anywhere with Peace. Registration allows you to surely identify that your dog is not a pet, but serving a specific purpose as a service dog or emotional support dog. Our online verification, ID card, vest, and leash helps you avoid hassle with your dog in restaurants, hotels, apartments, airports, and more. Airline Access. What: A service dog has been specially trained to help the person with a disability. A service dog is not a pet. Service dogs can be trained to guide a person who is blind, pull a wheelchair, pick up dropped items, help a person walk, or remind a person with a mental illness to take medications. Service Dog Identification & Registration. Service Dogs Canada provides the latest in Service Dog equipment, which includes a vest with service dog patches embroidered on each side, wallet card, a collar tag and certificate identifying your dog as a service dog. Your disability qualifies your dog to be a service dog. Service Animal-specific skills mastered (attach additional pages if necessary): Date of Training Completion: Projected Date of Training Completion (if in training): I certify that all the statements in this applicaiton and any attached documents are true and correct to the best of my . knowledge and belief, and they are made in good faith.How to apply for an assistance dog. The only way to apply for an assistance dog from an ADUK Member is to apply directly to that member organisation. Visit our members page to identify which ADUK member would be most suitable to meet your needs and then contact them directly. We also work with a range of assistance …Because there might be destination-specific rules for traveling with a service dog, you'll need to call our accessibility desk at 1-800-228-2744 to add one to ...Sep 11, 2023 · The British Columbia administration defines service dogs and handlers with disabilities in their “ Guide Dog and Service Dog Act ”. Service dogs are limited in some areas like food processing premises and the service dogs are not permitted to occupy a seat in public transportation. No ID cards are issued by the local administration. A psychiatric service dog (also referred to as an PSD) is a type of service dog trained to perform a specific task for its owner to assist with a psychological impairment. The specific task is unique to the dog in order to assist the owner with his or her disability. Service dogs are typically noticeable as guide dogs that provide a service to ...Bull-Dog Sauce News: This is the News-site for the company Bull-Dog Sauce on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies StocksUnder the ADA Americans with Disabilities Act federal laws, “ Service animal means any dog individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or ...A service animal is any dog or in some cases, a ... There is no federal law that mandates the registration of service animals or requires them to wear specific ...Ask the owner to declare their illness or disability. Demand documentation regarding registration or training. Ask the owner to have the animals perform their assigned task as a demonstration. Colorado does not require a service dog to have a vest or identification tag stating that they are service dogs. A registered service dog in …Jul 28, 2022 · Welcome to our service dog laws in New Jersey guide and FAQ page, updated for 2023. Service dog laws in New Jersey require that a specially trained service dog (sometimes known as “assistance dog,”) be allowed to accompany a person with a disability to all public accommodations and public carriers, with a few exceptions. Let’s say you’ve had a bad experience with a business. Maybe they haven’t delivered on their promises to you, or perhaps they engaged in false advertising. Maybe you had a customer... Step 4: Service Dog Certification and Registration. In the United States, service dog certifications and service dog identifications are not legally required. Staff at a public establishment cannot solicit documentation, such as proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed as a Service Dog, as a condition for entry. It’s not unusual to be charged $8,000 – $10,000 for such a dog. This may seem like a lot of money, but many service dogs cost upward of $20,000 to fully train. Some of the most expensive service dogs cost $50,000 to …Emotional Support Registration. Emotional Support Dogs, or commonly referred to as ESA (Emotional Support Animal) provide healing to their owner through affection and …To make your dog a service dog, you have the option of either self-training or enrolling them in a dedicated service dog training program. 2. Check That You Qualify for a Service Dog. Any individual living with a “physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability” who has the means to acquire one, or who can provide ... ---1