According to Check a Trade, the average cost for deep cleaning a house is £14.50 an hour. Bear in mind, though, that this price will change depending on where you live. For example, it could drop to £10-£11 an hour in rural areas or jump to £18-£19 an hour in big cities. In London, you should expect to pay the highest prices. Is your PC running slow? Are you constantly encountering errors or experiencing frequent crashes? It may be time for a deep clean. While there are various paid software options ava...Aug 28, 2018All supplies and equipment are added to our cleaning duty. Our cleaners will bring everything to your space for deep cleaning. We will clean all reachable spots in the following areas in the deep cleaning package: Our service charges are at an affordable rate, and you can call us at 1-210-201-0055 for more details.Jennings Commercial Cleaning Services. 4.0 (1 review) Home Cleaning. Office Cleaning. “They were very professional and worked with me to get the things I needed to get done. I hope to be able to use them on a regular basis. I was pleased.” more. Responds in about 3 hours. 30 locals recently requested a quote.Since houses are typically bigger and have more rooms to clean than apartments, you can expect to pay more for a house move-out cleaning than an apartment. Square Feet. Base Cleaning Cost. 1,000 – 1,500. $120 – $260. 1,500 – 2,000. $180 – $300. 2,000 – 2,500. $240 – $340.The average cost to deep clean a home is $80 to $100 an hour for 2 house cleaners. The cost for a 6 hour deep clean can be as much as $550. Figuring Out How Much You Should Charge For a Deep CleaningRequest a Free Estimate. Molly Maid Offers Move-Out Cleaning Services with a 24-Hour Warranty. Call Our Professional Staff at (833) 840-0883 Today!See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Deep House Cleaning in Albuquerque, NM - February 2024 - Yelp - Magnifica Cleaning, Maid O' Matic, E&G Quality Cleaning Services, LLC, Sunset Decon Industries, 505 Clean Queens, Dk Luxury Detailing, E&G Quality Cleaning Services, Abq Affordable Residential Cleaning, A1 Junk Removal of …When it comes to doing laundry, having a reliable washing machine is essential. With so many options available on the market, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one for you...The Average Cost of a House Deep Clean in the UK. You can expect to pay around £18 an hour for someone to come in and deep clean your house as a rule. I should point out that in some places you can pay an hourly rate that is as little as £11 per hour, but in other areas you can expect to pay about £35 per hour.4.5 (2 reviews) Handyman. Home Cleaning. Painters. “I would highly recommend Broom & Hammer for your house cleaning needs!” more. Responds in about 10 minutes. 37 locals recently requested a quote. Get pricing & availability. A professional deep cleaning typically costs a flat rate of between $200 and $400 for homes up to 2,400 square feet. However, some companies charge an hourly rate instead of a flat rate. Factors that impact the cost include the size of your home and any additional services you choose to book. Room-by-room, we dust, wipe, mop, scrub, and vacuum to leave your home sparkling clean and smelling fresh. When you want the deepest, most thorough one-time deep house cleaning available, we're ready to roll. Our cleaning teams are proud to create beautifully clean and more peaceful homes every day, and they're ready to show you how they do it.Most cleaners in Australia charge between $35 - $60 per hour, so this is a good rule for working out house cleaning prices. If a cleaner spends four hours at a $45 per hour rate, this is $180. The smaller the home, and the fewer rooms, the cheaper it will be to clean. Deep cleans and end-of-lease cleans will cost more than a regular cleaning ...Average Cost of Deep Cleaning a House. The cost of deep cleaning services can vary widely based on the above factors. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between …If you only signed up for three months, the weekly cleaning jumps up to $300. (A deep clean of the same apartment would cost $500.) Booking with MyClean lets you see how different variables change the displayed price, much like when booking a flight. For example, different days of the week are considered off-peak, as are different time slots.Nov 27, 2023 · Boydton, VA. How much do house cleaning services cost? $25 – $75 Hourly rate per cleaner. $120 – $280 Average total cost per cleaning. The average cost of house cleaning on a one-time basis is $120 to $280. A one-bedroom apartment costs $75 to $200, while a 2-bed 2-bath home ranges from $95 to $225. Top 10 Best Deep Cleaning House in Palm Coast, FL - December 2023 - Yelp - Maid Right, Touch of Shaunti cleaning service, Rize And Shine Cleaning Services, Manticore Detailing, DustBusters, Sunny Side Clean Team, 321 Maids, Clean to Please, R&T Complete Makeover, Clean Feel- Cleaning servicesFeb 26, 2024 · A cleaning company in Dallas, Texas charges 5 cents per square foot for standard cleaning and 10 cents per square foot for deep cleaning. A 3,000-square-foot house would cost $150 where a deep cleaning would cost $300. House cleaning cost per square foot: Nov 2, 2023 ... The average house cleaning cost ranges from $150 to $185, according to Thumbtack. House Cleaning Prices By Property Size. Some cleaning services ...Our house cleaning job pricing calculator shows you the average price range for your specific service based on the job details you provide. Input the type of visit you need to price (like deep cleaning, standard cleaning, or move-out cleaning), add the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and include any add-on services (like window cleaning or … Still, on the cost per square foot, one measuring 4,000 sq. ft. will incur a deep cleaning cost of about $625 to $675. 5,000 sq. ft. properties cost more to clean at about $700 to $825. Expect a deep cleaning fee between $830 and $900 for a house with a size of 6,000 sq. ft. Having a clean home is essential for a healthy and happy living environment. But with busy work and family schedules, it can be difficult to keep up with the regular cleaning that ...A deep cleaning for your entire home The costs listed here are subject to change, so you may want to check the company’s site directly. Keep in mind that these are …If you need a custom cleaning service, we recommend to go with hourly rate. We charge $50 per hour for one person and require 3 hours minimum. 2 person crew is ...House Cleaning Services in Bangalore. House Cleaning Service Starts at Just 250. -2. ₹400.00 ₹250.00. Book Now. There are basically 3 types of House Cleaning: Basic House Cleaning: Regular cleaning of the house. Deep House Cleaning: Thorough cleaning of every nook and corner of the house.Safety Precautions. 3-Line of Defence to provide Covid Suraksha Kavach. Click here to know more about Covid Precautions. Chemical is 100% safe for kids, elderly people & pets. List of Services. Building / Apartment Size / Unit. Type of Service. Price. ₹ 3599/-.Still, costs can be as low as $75 for areas under 1,000 square feet or as high as $600 for a deep clean of a large home. The total cost to hire a house cleaner will depend more or less on your home size and the amount of … On an average, deep house cleaning costs ₹3500.However, deep house cleaning price varies with your requirements and needs. On the lower end, deep house cleaners generally charge between ₹2000 and ₹2500, and the higher end prices can range from ₹8500 to ₹10500. Having a clean home is essential for a healthy and happy living environment. But with busy work and family schedules, it can be difficult to keep up with the regular cleaning that ...We charge consistent rates based on the frequency of cleanings your house requires for our housekeepers to maintain it in tip-top shape! One-time cleanings: $118 per hour of cleaning. Every four weeks: $112 per hour of cleaning. Biweekly cleanings: $106 per hour of cleaning. Weekly cleanings: $99 per hour of cleaning.Top 10 Best House Cleaning Services Deep Clean in Nashville, TN - February 2024 - Yelp - Maid Cleaning Nashville, Music City Maid Service, All Clean & Organized, Spökhund Cleaning, NS Cleaners, Urbieta Cleaning, Sparkly House Cleaning, Maggy Maid, First Class Cleaning Services, SparcleOn average, a deep clean costs between $200 and $400, depending on the size of your house. Standard routine cleanings after that initial visit typically cost ...The national average cost for house cleaning ranges between $25 and $50 per hour, per cleaner. However, the cost of house cleaning services near you might be different. House cleaning prices vary based on how many square feet your home is, how dirty your house gets and how often the cleaning service comes.Nov 16, 2022 ... The going rate for house deep cleaning service in San Jose is approximately $35-$70 per hour. Comparing House Cleaner Rates. Each maid service's ...The national average house cleaning price is $110-$150, with rates ranging higher for deep-cleaning services. Here are some examples of how a company may calculate their deep-cleaning prices: 10 cents per square foot (compared with 5 cents per square foot for standard house cleaning). $300 for a 3,000-square-foot home.Kc Deep Clean is insured, bonded and supplies all materials needed. In order to ensure a proper deep cleaning, each surface is cleaned carefully by hand, including baseboards, blinds, cabinets, and windows. We clean each inch of the home from top to bottom to ensure a deep cleaning so that you can maintain your basic pick up.Aug 29, 2023 · Cleaning your house to sell. Taking the time to deep clean a house can boost home value by $3,700 on average, according to a recent HomeLight survey. Hiring a professional to clean a 2,000 square-foot home with three bedrooms and two bathrooms typically costs between $200 to $400. If you’re planning on tackling the task on your own ... If you’re looking to take your cleaning game to the next level, a Shark vacuum is a must-have. These powerful machines not only suck up dirt and dust like no other, but they also m... In January 2024 the cost to Clean House starts at $107 - $131 per room. Use our Cost Calculator for cost estimate examples customized to the location, size and options of your project. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased. The cost of dental cleaning will most likely be more if it is a deep cleaning at the dentist. Dental deep cleaning costs on average between $150 and $350 without insurance. However, this doesn't take into account the cost of anesthetics you may need, or the higher costs charged by some dentists.A 3,000 square foot home should cost around $300 to clean once you factor in the time it is going to take you to clean the home; the total cost of your labor; the cost of your supplies; your payroll taxes; your overhead cost, and your markup. Always pay a visit to the home before giving the owner an estimate.How much do house cleaning extras cost? Deep cleaning/Spring cleaning cost. The average prices for a deep clean are quite variable, since there are different inclusions depending on the cleaner. Based on our research, the average cost of a spring clean extra is $71.33.Deep house music has become a global phenomenon, captivating audiences with its smooth rhythms, soulful vocals, and infectious beats. While the genre originated in Chicago in the 1...Jennings Commercial Cleaning Services. 4.0 (1 review) Home Cleaning. Office Cleaning. “They were very professional and worked with me to get the things I needed to get done. I hope to be able to use them on a regular basis. I was pleased.” more. Responds in about 3 hours. 30 locals recently requested a quote.Most deep house cleanings cost around $25 to $50 per hour. Frequently used areas like a kitchen or bathroom may take longer, while add-ons like wall cleaning, appliance cleaning, …Deep cleaning involves complete cleaning i.e. mopping, dusting, stain removal and sanitization of your space. On average, to deep clean a 1 BHK occupied flat, the costs can vary between Rs. 2500 - Rs. 3500. Aside from that, high-end services for larger homes can cost between Rs. 3000-4000.. Most cleaners in Australia charge between $35 - $60 per hour, so this is a good rule for working out house cleaning prices. If a cleaner spends four hours at a $45 per hour rate, this is $180. The smaller the home, and the fewer rooms, the cheaper it will be to clean. Deep cleans and end-of-lease cleans will cost more than a regular cleaning ... I pay 550 for 2 story, 2,000 sq ft with 1/2 floor covering carpet. I tip $100 in addition. We paid $350 for a deep clean of an empty house that is about 1100 sq. ft.. When they estimated it he said the biggest impact on price is the number of windows because they cleaned both inside and outside. Mar 1, 2019 ... The average cost for a house cleaning in the U.S. is $160, but the typical range is between $115- $227. Of course, the amount varies ...Merry Maids ® provides the relief you are looking for. Our Worry-Free Guarantee reflects our willingness to go the extra mile to ensure your home always feels like your sanctuary. If for any reason you are unhappy with our residential cleaning services, let us know within 24-hours and we’ll come back and make it right. Our Guarantee.Average cost near you. On an average, house cleaning costs ₹ 3000. However, house cleaning price varies with your requirements and needs. On the lower end, house cleaners generally charge between ₹ 2000 and ₹ 2200, and the higher end prices can range from ₹ 8500 to ₹ 10500.Residential Cleaning Service in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania · 1 BEDROOM /1 BATHROOM, $ 130.00, $ 171.50, $ 199.75, $ 225.00 · 2 BEDROOMS /1 BATHROOM, $ 155.00, $ ...Nov 17, 2023 · Carpet cleaning – Carpet cleaning costs an average of £50 for a small room. Cleaning after building work – Starts from £20 per hour. End of tenancy cleaning – Typically, the price will range between £79 - £199. Window cleaning – An average of £45. Please note that we consider hourly rate cleaning to be a partial house clean. This is our way of managing expectations, to ensure that you know exactly what you’re getting from the service. ... Deep clean: $120: Clean interior windows: $60: Additional room/s: $28: Oven clean: $60: Housekeeping: $20: One load of laundry: $20: Clean inside the ...To deep-clean an air fryer, mix dish soap and about an inch of water in the basket, put it back into the slot and turn to 200 degrees Fahrenheit for about 10 to 15 minutes. Once …Apr 11, 2021 · For example, for a 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom apartment that needs a deep cleaning the price can range from $159 to $584, a two-bedroom, 2 bathroom apartment with deep cleaning would normally cost $189 to $652. The price highly depends on the add-ons you will need such as wall cleaning and cleaning inside the oven, fridge, kitchen cabinets, and/or ... Top 10 Best Deep House Cleaning Services in Falls, PA - March 2024 - Yelp - ProTrust Cleaning, Fresh 'N So Clean, S&S Cooperation, Lee’s Cleaning Service, Sisterhood Cleaning Services, Cleaning & Organizing Services, Jordan and Tams Cleaning services, All Washed Up Cleaning, Endless Mountain Cleaning, Peachy Cleaning ServicesDefinitely shop around. $1200 seems a bit steep to me if you are only having 1900 sqft of it cleaned. I just moved into a 2000 sqft house in the San Francisco Bay Area and had a deep clean and carpet steam clean done. Walls were scrubbed, interior windows cleaned, insides of the kitchen cabinets cleaned etc.Deep Cleaning a House. Deep or spring cleaning is more in-depth than a basic one and usually costs between $200 and $400 per visit. Although usually referred to as spring …You can customise your deep clean with extra tasks, including inside fridge/freezer cleaning, carpet steam cleaning, upholstery & sofa steam cleaning, and cleaning external areas (balconies, terraces, patios). Housekeep is the UK’s best cleaning service, with a 4.9* average rating. We’ve completed over 1.5 million cleans – including ...The average cost to clean carpet is $165, ranging from $115 to $259, for spaces under 1,000 square feet, depending on several factors.The wide range of carpet cleaning prices hinges on square ...Top 10 Best House Deep Cleaning Services in Los Angeles, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - King David Housekeeping, Maids Unlimited, Hercules Cleaning Services, MaidServe, Citrus Fresh Housekeeping, Mya Cleaning Services, Miraculous Cleaning, Aya Cleaning Solutions, R&J Deep Clean Services, Natalie’s CleaningJan 31, 2023 ... The average cleaning service or company on average costs the average home between $100-300. Cleaning services & cleaning companies are usually ...Request a Free Estimate. Molly Maid Offers Move-Out Cleaning Services with a 24-Hour Warranty. Call Our Professional Staff at (833) 840-0883 Today! Calgary Trusted Cleaners offers full deep cleaning services in Calgary. Whether it is spring cleaning or any other time of year, if you need to give your home a full residential cleaning reset then book our deep cleaning service, deep spring cleaning services. Your home will be cleaned top to bottom according to our deep cleaning checklist. We charge consistent rates based on the frequency of cleanings your house requires for our housekeepers to maintain it in tip-top shape! One-time cleanings: $118 per hour of cleaning. Every four weeks: $112 per hour of cleaning. Biweekly cleanings: $106 per hour of cleaning. Weekly cleanings: $99 per hour of cleaning.The Average Cost of a House Deep Clean in the UK. You can expect to pay around £18 an hour for someone to come in and deep clean your house as a rule. I should point out that in some places you can pay an hourly rate that is as little as £11 per hour, but in other areas you can expect to pay about £35 per hour.Wipe down inside and outside of kitchen cabinets. Clean top of stove including under burners. Wipe down top and bottom of range hood; replace filter and lights if needed. Clean inside of oven. Clean behind stove/oven. Clean out toaster, toaster oven, coffee machine and other small countertop appliances.Top 10 Best Deep Cleaning Services in Dallas, TX - March 2024 - Yelp - RCJ Cleaning Specialists, Maids 2 Match, VA Cleaning Solutions, MaidPro, Bliss Cleans, Emily's Maids, Maid Masters, Holly's Cleaning Service, D&E Cleaning Services, Spekless CleaningHere’s what your cleaning business could charge: Construction Cleanup Hourly Rate: $30–50/hour per house cleaner. Flat Fee: Up to $800, depending on the size and condition of the space. Room Rate: $125–175 for a 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom home. Square Footage Rate: $0.10–0.50 per square foot.Average Cost of Deep Cleaning a House. The cost of deep cleaning services can vary widely based on the above factors. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $200 to $400 for a standard deep cleaning of a moderately-sized home. However, this range can fluctuate based on your specific needs and local market rates.Feb 22, 2024 · Reviewed by Asya Biddle. Manager, The Dust Busters. Updated February 22, 2024. H ouse cleaning prices range from $100 to $300 on average. Still, costs can be as low as $75 for areas under 1,000 square feet or as high as $600 for a deep clean of a large home. The total cost to hire a house cleaner will depend more or less on your home size and ... Top 10 Best Deep House Cleaning Services in Falls, PA - March 2024 - Yelp - ProTrust Cleaning, Fresh 'N So Clean, S&S Cooperation, Lee’s Cleaning Service, Sisterhood Cleaning Services, Cleaning & Organizing Services, Jordan and Tams Cleaning services, All Washed Up Cleaning, Endless Mountain Cleaning, Peachy Cleaning ServicesSince houses are typically bigger and have more rooms to clean than apartments, you can expect to pay more for a house move-out cleaning than an apartment. Square Feet. Base Cleaning Cost. 1,000 – 1,500. $120 – $260. 1,500 – 2,000. $180 – $300. 2,000 – 2,500. $240 – $340.Top 10 Best Deep Cleaning Services in Dallas, TX - March 2024 - Yelp - RCJ Cleaning Specialists, Maids 2 Match, VA Cleaning Solutions, MaidPro, Bliss Cleans, Emily's Maids, Maid Masters, Holly's Cleaning Service, D&E Cleaning Services, Spekless CleaningTop 10 Best House Deep Cleaning Services in North Providence, RI - March 2024 - Yelp - Next Level Progress, Norkis & Yajaira Cleaning Services, SmartScrub Solutions, Life Maid Simple, Maria House Cleaning, Clean Club, Maria Eco Friendly Cleaning Service, Lalyz cleaning service, Jose's Cleaning Services, COS Cleaning ServiceConcrete floors are a popular choice for driveways, garages, and outdoor spaces due to their durability and low maintenance. However, one common issue that many homeowners face is ...Ours will be around $1200 for a 3k sqft house in a high cost of living area. Cleaners are super expensive here, move out clean is about 4x the cost of what we pay for regular cleaning but it’s way more intensive.Request a Free Estimate. Molly Maid Offers Move-Out Cleaning Services with a 24-Hour Warranty. Call Our Professional Staff at (833) 840-0883 Today! Calgary Trusted Cleaners offers full deep cleaning services in Calgary. Whether it is spring cleaning or any other time of year, if you need to give your home a full residential cleaning reset then book our deep cleaning service, deep spring cleaning services. Your home will be cleaned top to bottom according to our deep cleaning checklist. The cost of cleaning a house varies depending on the size and amount of rooms. But, on average hiring a professional to deep clean a house costs between $200 to $400. If you deep clean your house yourself, you’ll have to pay for supplies but can save money on labor. Cleaning supplies cost around $40 to $50 per month.4.5 (2 reviews) Handyman. Home Cleaning. Painters. “I would highly recommend Broom & Hammer for your house cleaning needs!” more. Responds in about 10 minutes. 37 locals recently requested a quote. Get pricing & availability.A 3,000 square foot home should cost around $300 to clean once you factor in the time it is going to take you to clean the home; the total cost of your labor; the cost of your supplies; your payroll taxes; your overhead cost, and your markup. Always pay a visit to the home before giving the owner an estimate.A neat and clean house is a symbol of a healthy life. If you are not happy with the maid’s cleaning tasks then consult us. We, Safaiwale provide you with the best world-class standards of deep house cleaning services at affordable rates with flexible times. In today’s life, it is difficult to waste your whole day on the cost of cleaning the whole house alone …Whether you have toddlers or teenagers, having a clean home while your kids are home all day can seem impossible to pull off. It can feel like you’re cleaning up one mess, only to ...Jun 12, 2023 · Here’s what your cleaning business could charge: Construction Cleanup Hourly Rate: $30–50/hour per house cleaner. Flat Fee: Up to $800, depending on the size and condition of the space. Room Rate: $125–175 for a 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom home. Square Footage Rate: $0.10–0.50 per square foot. With their commitment to excellence, Cleaning Company stands out as one of the top choices for deep cleaning in Dubai. 4. Helpsters Cleaning Services. Contact number: +971-4-351-5775 | +971-585-488-500. Address: Churchill Executive Tower, Business Bay.Ours will be around $1200 for a 3k sqft house in a high cost of living area. Cleaners are super expensive here, move out clean is about 4x the cost of what we pay for regular cleaning but it’s way more intensive.On an average, deep house cleaning costs ₹3500.0. However, deep house cleaning price varies with your requirements and needs. On the lower end, deep house cleaners generally charge between ₹2000.0 and ₹2500.0, and the higher end prices can range from ₹8500.0 to ₹10500.0. Average cost.The Average Cost of a House Deep Clean in the UK. You can expect to pay around £18 an hour for someone to come in and deep clean your house as a rule. I should point out that in some places you can pay an hourly rate that is as little as £11 per hour, but in other areas you can expect to pay about £35 per hour.Deep cleaning $ 135 quoted price Feb 19 “ Angel and Heidi were sooo great. I had some terrible punk issue with other cleaning… Details 1 bedroom Just once 1 bathroom … FREE 1500 Square Foot House Cleaning calculator estimates materials, labor hours and cost for your specific project. User configurable options produce accurate, 2024 estimates of effort and fair costs to clean a 1500 square foot house. Input project size, options and labor preference to get instant, no-obligation 1500 Square Foot House Cleaning cost estimates. Jan 11, 2023While you could hire a professional to help you tackle this big project, the $200 to $400 deep cleaning house cost isn’t exactly in everyone’s budget. Plus, there is just …Top 10 Best Deep Cleaning House in Palm Coast, FL - December 2023 - Yelp - Maid Right, Touch of Shaunti cleaning service, Rize And Shine Cleaning Services, Manticore Detailing, DustBusters, Sunny Side Clean Team, 321 Maids, Clean to Please, R&T Complete Makeover, Clean Feel- Cleaning servicesNov 2, 2023 · Some cleaning services charge per square foot rather than by the hour. Here’s what you can expect: One-Bedroom Apartment (Less than 1,000 square feet): $150-$200 with an average cleaning time of two to three hours. 2-Bedroom Home (Between 1,000 and 1,500 square feet): $175-$225 with an average cleaning time of two to four hours. Labor is another major factor when it comes to the cost of deep cleaning house. Hiring a professional team will naturally come with a higher cost than doing it yourself; however, for those with larger houses or those looking for more thorough results this may be worth considering. The price range for hiring professionals tends to vary ...The average cost of an hourly rate for a cleaning company is between $32 to $116 per individual or $64 to $116 per hour. The size and condition of your home will greatly impact the price of these services. You can expect to pay the following rates for these services: Single-family homes. $155-$193. Window treatments.You can customise your deep clean with extra tasks, including inside fridge/freezer cleaning, carpet steam cleaning, upholstery & sofa steam cleaning, and cleaning external areas (balconies, terraces, patios). Housekeep is the UK’s best cleaning service, with a 4.9* average rating. We’ve completed over 1.5 million cleans – including ...The average price of a one-time deep house cleaning is between ₦31,000 – ₦40,000 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The total cleaning price depends on the size of the apartment. ... The cost of cleaning materials that house cleaners use is often included in the total cost. In addition, buying your cleaning supplies will give you the option to ...For two cleaners on site, they usually charge $80 per hour for deep cleaning. For one cleaner, they typically charge $60 per hour. But most companies will come ... Room-by-room, we dust, wipe, mop, scrub, and vacuum to leave your home sparkling clean and smelling fresh. When you want the deepest, most thorough one-time deep house cleaning available, we're ready to roll. Our cleaning teams are proud to create beautifully clean and more peaceful homes every day, and they're ready to show you how they do it. ---1