Cdl driver pay

Cdl driver pay

Map View. Top 50 Highest Paying States for Entry Level Cdl Driver Jobs in the U.S. We’ve identified 14 states where the typical salary for an Entry Level Cdl Driver job is above … The average cdl driver salary in Ohio is $62,685. Cdl driver salaries in Ohio typically range between $41,000 and $95,000 a year. This compares to a United States average cdl driver salary of $62,685. The average hourly rate for cdl drivers in Ohio is $30.14 per hour. The average cdl driver salary in Ohio is further broken down below by the ... The estimated total pay range for a CDL Driver at PepsiCo is $52K–$74K per year, which includes base salary and additional pay. The average CDL Driver base salary at PepsiCo is $62K per year. The average additional pay is $0 per year, which could include cash bonus, stock, commission, profit sharing or tips.As of Feb 11, 2024, the average monthly pay for a Cdl Truck Driver in the United States is $6,095 a month. While ZipRecruiter is seeing monthly salaries as high as $8,458 and as low as $2,958, the majority of Cdl Truck Driver salaries currently range between $5,000 (25th percentile) to $7,208 (75th percentile) across the United States.How much does a Cdl Truck Driver make in Arizona? As of Jan 2, 2024, the average weekly pay for a Cdl Truck Driver in Arizona is $1,192 a week. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $1,819 and as low as $636, the majority of Cdl Truck Driver salaries currently range between $1,075 (25th percentile) to $1,550 (75th percentile) in …What are the things that every driver should know about engine oil? Check out 5 things every driver should know about engine oil at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement There are a couple ...As of Feb 23, 2024, the average hourly pay for a Cdl Driver in Louisiana is $34.47 an hour. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $76.67 and as low as $12.13, the majority of Cdl Driver salaries currently range between $20.58 (25th percentile) to $35.34 (75th percentile) in Louisiana. The average pay range for a Cdl Driver varies ...The average CDL Class A Truck Driver salary in Colorado is $52,510 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $45,473 and $61,330. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your professionThe national average salary for a truck driver is recorded at $57,356 per year or $1,103 per week. An entry-level truck driver can expect to make about $37,000 per year, though these figures are always subject to change. This number varies by the nature of the job, the location and other contributing factors. Truck drivers can be split into two ...How much does a Cdl make in Texas? As of Mar 4, 2024, the average weekly pay for the Cdl jobs category in Texas is $1,507 a week. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $1,917 and as low as $636, the majority of salaries within the Cdl jobs category currently range between $1,182 (25th percentile) to $1,576 (75th percentile) in Texas.The average salary for a Class A Cdl Driver is $116,085 per year in Kentucky, US. Click here to see the total pay, recent salaries shared and more!The average CDL Class A Truck Driver salary in Texas is $50,961 as of January 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $44,127 and $59,521. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. ...The state of Illinois offers the I-PASS, which is a system that lets drivers pay for tolls online, as of 2015, according to the website of the Illinois Tollway.As of Feb 23, 2024, the average hourly pay for a Cdl Driver in Louisiana is $34.47 an hour. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $76.67 and as low as $12.13, the majority of Cdl Driver salaries currently range between $20.58 (25th percentile) to $35.34 (75th percentile) in Louisiana. The average pay range for a Cdl Driver varies ... The average CDL Driver salary in Richmond, VA is $54,453 as of , but the salary range typically falls between $48,295 and $61,641. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. Feb 19, 2024 · CDL-A Regional Truck Driver - Earn Up to $110,000. Walmart. ... Average Walmart Truck Driver yearly pay in the United States is approximately $102,875, which is 37% ... The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also have much ...If you're wondering what the best cities for Uber drivers are, and the worst, then a new report reveals the spots where gig drivers make bank. If there is one company that symboliz... Submit a completed Medical Examination Report Form and Medical Examiner’s Certificate Form. Pass a vision test. Pass a knowledge exam. After passing, be issued a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) Wait a minimum of 14 days before you can schedule your CDL road skills examination. Pass a pre-trip inspection. The average CDL Truck Driver Salary in The United States is $56,000 per year. Salaries range from $44,900 to $73,600 . The average CDL Truck Driver Hourly Wage is $20.00 per hour. Hourly wages range from $16.50 to $26.30 . Salaries and wages depend on multiple factors including geographic location, experience, seniority, industry, education etc. The average CDL Truck Driver Salary in The United States is $56,000 per year. Salaries range from $44,900 to $73,600 . The average CDL Truck Driver Hourly Wage is $20.00 per hour. Hourly wages range from $16.50 to $26.30 . Salaries and wages depend on multiple factors including geographic location, experience, seniority, industry, education etc. Class A OTR Driver - Experienced Drivers. Silver Trucking LLC 2.8. Quincy, IL 62306. $0.65 per mile. Easily apply. 2 years minimum but we prefer drivers with 5+ years. We pay $0.55 per mile base pay, with $0.08 added if you have an X endorsement, and $0.02 added if you…. Posted 12 days ago. Submit a completed Medical Examination Report Form and Medical Examiner’s Certificate Form. Pass a vision test. Pass a knowledge exam. After passing, be issued a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) Wait a minimum of 14 days before you can schedule your CDL road skills examination. Pass a pre-trip inspection. 28,099 Cdl driver jobs in United States. Up to $2,200 a week average Pay. Home Saturday evening and off Sunday. $2500 sign on Bonus. Stop-off pay, Unloading pay and Mileage pay.…. $1,400 to $1,600 ++* gross pay per week. Quarterly Bonus $1,250* paid from day 1. That’s *5K Annually* Bonus potential!A FedEx delivery driver, for instance, earns an average of $20 per hour, while a FedEx CDL A driver can earn $29 or more per hour. While the average base pay for a FedEx company truck driver in the U.S. is $59,469 per year, wages vary based on your location. FedEx Driver Jobs Average Pay by CityWindows only: See your device drivers and their versions at a glance and back up your "just works" drivers list with DriverView, a free application for Windows systems. The all-in-...The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also have much ...If you're wondering what the best cities for Uber drivers are, and the worst, then a new report reveals the spots where gig drivers make bank. If there is one company that symboliz...We’ve identified 14 states where the typical salary for an Entry Level Cdl Driver job is above the national average. Topping the list is Alaska, with Oregon and North Dakota close behind in second and third. North Dakota beats the national average by 8.7%, and Alaska furthers that trend with another $7,206 (9.2%) above the $78,621.The average hourly wage for a CDL Driver-Class B in the United States is $27 as of February 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $24 and $30. Hourly rate can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. The average CDL Truck Driver salary in California is $57,182 as of January 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $49,514 and $66,787. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. We will pay you to GET YOUR CDL™. Why pay a trucking school to get truck driver training or go through a company sponsored program? Instead, join Roehl and get hired …Aug 2, 2023 · A Class A driver salary is higher in general than a Class B CDL driver salary since a Class B CDL doesn’t allow its holder to do as much as a Class A driver. Class B pays a little less — $48,000 on average — than CDL A jobs, which pay an average of $64,000 per year. The average CDL Driver salary in New York, NY is $64,773 as of , but the salary range typically falls between $57,447 and $73,322. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.11 Nov 2019 ... ... pay the best, watch this video! 5 Top Paid Truck ... 5 Top Paid Truck Driver Jobs 1. Private ... -- Best CDL Truck Driving Jobs -- How to ... The base salary for CDL Class A Truck Driver ranges from $45,009 to $60,704 with the average base salary of $51,975. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $45,249 to $61,493 with the average total cash compensation of $52,589. Watch this video to find out more about the advantages of cordless impact drivers over standard drill drivers. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides La...Feb 10, 2024 · The estimated total pay for a Cdl Hazmat Driver is $91,608 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $87,484 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The state of Illinois offers the I-PASS, which is a system that lets drivers pay for tolls online, as of 2015, according to the website of the Illinois Tollway.The average hourly pay for a Commercial Truck Driver is $23.08 in 2024. Hourly Rate. $17 - $30. Bonus. $371 - $5k. Profit Sharing. $12 - $9k. Total Pay. $38k - …The average CDL Driver salary in Minnesota is $56,638 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $50,232 and $64,114. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.Oct 29, 2023 · The estimated total pay for a CDL Driver is $76,470 per year in the Houston, TX area, with an average salary of $72,542 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The average CDL Driver salary in Arizona is $53,990 as of January 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $47,884 and $61,116. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.Oct 29, 2023 · The estimated total pay for a CDL Driver is $96,772 per year in the Pennsylvania area, with an average salary of $91,658 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. 8 Oct 2019 ... ... CDL holders and new CDL drivers with no experience ... CDL driver because some companies won't insure new drivers... ... How does paid CDL School ...The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also …The average CDL Driver salary in Illinois is $56,496 as of December 27, 2023, but the range typically falls between $50,107 and $63,954. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.The state of Illinois offers the I-PASS, which is a system that lets drivers pay for tolls online, as of 2015, according to the website of the Illinois Tollway.. Team Drivers CDL A Owner Operators - Flatbed $10K+ Per Week Plus $10K Bonus. Pinch Flatbed. 50 reviews. 18515 Aldine Westfield Rd, Houston, TX 77073. Up to $600,000 a year - Full-time. Pay in top 20% for this field Compared to similar jobs on Indeed.Getting into a car accident can cause even the most experienced driver to become very shaken up. If you’re not at fault, the other driver may try to pay you cash for your repairs, ...The average CDL Class A Truck Driver salary in Alabama is $57,094 as of December 27, 2023, but the range typically falls between $50,227 and $64,917. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your …Class B CDL Driver. Waste Connections 3.1. Fort Collins, CO. $23 - $25 an hour. Full-time. Overtime + 2. Easily apply. Ability to safely operate a garbage truck on specified routes to collect solid waste. Basic knowledge of truck components in order to complete pre- and post….OTR truck driver salaries can be well into the $80,000 territory if you’re fine with living your life on the road, but with an average base salary of $57,000 per year, that’s not a bad start. ... How CDL drivers and Non-CDL Drivers Salaries Differ. In the United States, it is necessary to have a CDL to operate any tractor-trailer or long ...Class A Truck Driver. 10 Roads Express 3.0. Butte, MT 59701. $32.74 - $37.74 an hour. Full-time. Home daily + 2. 12+ months of verifiable tractor trailer driving experience. Starting Pay: $32.74 - $37.74 Per Hour* | You will be paid for all drive and on duty time! Posted 30+ days ago.The average hourly wage for a CDL Driver-Class B in the United States is $27 as of February 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $24 and $30. Hourly rate can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.How much does a Cdl Truck Driver make in Mississippi? As of Feb 18, 2024, the average weekly pay for a Cdl Truck Driver in Mississippi is $1,365 a week. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $1,849 and as low as $647, the majority of Cdl Truck Driver salaries currently range between $1,092 (25th percentile) to $1,575 (75th percentile ...The estimated total pay for a CLASS B CDL DRIVER is $100,352 per year in the Los Angeles, CA area, with an average salary of $93,861 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users.The average CDL Driver salary in Richmond, VA is $54,453 as of , but the salary range typically falls between $48,295 and $61,641. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. We’ve identified 14 states where the typical salary for an Entry Level Cdl Driver job is above the national average. Topping the list is Alaska, with Oregon and North Dakota close behind in second and third. North Dakota beats the national average by 8.7%, and Alaska furthers that trend with another $7,206 (9.2%) above the $78,621. 3 Jan 2024 ... trucking #logistics #news Pay your drivers isn't just Paul's X handle, it's a very dear topic to our show. We bring in drivers, ...As of Feb 18, 2024, the average hourly pay for an Entry Level Cdl+Driver in Illinois is $36.02 an hour. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $86.89 and as low as $13.74, the majority of Entry Level Cdl+Driver salaries currently range between $23.32 (25th percentile) to $40.05 (75th percentile) in Illinois.You may find some companies paying more because of the high demand for Class A licensed Truck Drivers due to the ongoing truck driver shortage. Werner Enterprises for example invested more that $30 million dollars in 2018 alone on driver pay increases. That investment increased their truck driver’s pay per mile by 11.8%.$80,583 per year. Where Do Truck Drivers Earn More in the US (By States)? The US is one of the most popular countries for drivers to work in. However, …Jan 26, 2024 · The average CDL Driver salary in Florida is $52,504 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $46,566 and $59,434. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. The average CDL Class A Route Driver salary in Ohio is $50,975 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $44,143 and $59,537. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your …Plug-and-play devices include keyboards, external hard drives and other hardware that can simply be plugged into your computer and will work without manually installing software. Y... The average CDL Truck Driver salary in the United States is $51,842 as of January 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $44,890 and $60,550. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. The average CDL Driver salary in Missouri is $52,661 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $46,706 and $59,612. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. ...Oct 29, 2023 · The estimated total pay for a CDL Driver is $69,079 per year in the Richmond, VA area, with an average salary of $65,970 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The average hourly wage for a CDL Driver in the United States is $27 as of February 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $24 and $30. Hourly rate can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. TruckDriversSalary.com. How Much Do Truck Drivers Make in 2024? Long drives, big trucks, and truck stop food are just some of the things that go with being a OTR driver …Oct 29, 2023 · The estimated total pay range for a CDL Driver at Lowe's Home Improvement is $20–$32 per hour, which includes base salary and additional pay. The average CDL Driver base salary at Lowe's Home Improvement is $25 per hour. The average additional pay is $0 per hour, which could include cash bonus, stock, commission, profit sharing or tips. If you are a frequent traveler on toll roads in Florida, chances are you have a SunPass account. SunPass is an electronic toll collection system that allows drivers to pay their to...The average CDL Driver salary in Missouri is $52,661 as of February 26, 2024, but the range typically falls between $46,706 and $59,612. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on the city and many other important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. ... The base salary for CDL Class A Truck Driver ranges from $45,009 to $60,704 with the average base salary of $51,975. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $45,249 to $61,493 with the average total cash compensation of $52,589. If you truly can't stand your ID photo, you may be able to pay to get a new one. Passport and driver’s license photos are notoriously bad—about as far from glamour shots as you can...The estimated total pay for a CDL Truck Driver is $100,709 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $95,325 per year. These numbers … We’ve identified 13 states where the typical salary for a Cdl Driver job is above the national average. Topping the list is Wisconsin, with Alaska and Massachusetts close behind in second and third. Massachusetts beats the national average by 6.3%, and Wisconsin furthers that trend with another $7,997 (10.2%) above the $78,621. Submit a completed Medical Examination Report Form and Medical Examiner’s Certificate Form. Pass a vision test. Pass a knowledge exam. After passing, be issued a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) Wait a minimum of 14 days before you can schedule your CDL road skills examination. Pass a pre-trip inspection.The base salary for CDL Class A Truck Driver ranges from $44,462 to $59,967 with the average base salary of $51,343. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $44,699 to $60,746 with the average total cash compensation of $51,950. The base salary for CDL Class A Truck Driver ranges from $45,009 to $60,704 with the average base salary of $51,975. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $45,249 to $61,493 with the average total cash compensation of $52,589. It's possible to rent a car without an under-25/young driver fee. We explain how to waive fees, plus which rental companies don't charge fees. It’s difficult but not impossible to ...The estimated total pay for a CDL Driver is $79,550 per year in the New York City, NY area, with an average salary of $75,630 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The estimated additional pay is …If you’re considering becoming a commercial driver, you’ll need to obtain a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL). Applying for a CDL can be a complex process, so it’s important to und...A Class A driver salary is higher in general than a Class B CDL driver salary since a Class B CDL doesn’t allow its holder to do as much as a Class A driver. Class B pays a little less — $48,000 on average — than CDL A jobs, which pay an average of $64,000 per year.Oct 29, 2023 · The estimated total pay for a CDL Driver is $69,079 per year in the Richmond, VA area, with an average salary of $65,970 per year. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. As of Feb 11, 2024, the average monthly pay for a Cdl Truck Driver in the United States is $6,095 a month. While ZipRecruiter is seeing monthly salaries as high as $8,458 and as low as $2,958, the majority of Cdl Truck Driver salaries currently range between $5,000 (25th percentile) to $7,208 (75th percentile) across the United States.Now, we have launched the first-ever Walmart Private Fleet Development Program. Over the course of a 12-week program, supply chain associates in the Dallas, Texas, and Dover, Delaware, areas earned their commercial driver’s license (CDL) and became full-fledged Private Fleet Walmart drivers. With a massive training infrastructure already ...Now, we have launched the first-ever Walmart Private Fleet Development Program. Over the course of a 12-week program, supply chain associates in the Dallas, Texas, and Dover, Delaware, areas earned their commercial driver’s license (CDL) and became full-fledged Private Fleet Walmart drivers. With a massive training infrastructure already ...CDL-A Delivery Driver - Earn Up to $100k/Year + Recent Grads Welcome. Sysco - North Dakota. Brookings, SD. 22 days ago. Driver Trainee - SYGMA- Lancaster, CA. SYSCO. ... Average Sysco Truck Driver weekly pay in the United States is approximately $1,643, which is 27% above the national average.Feb 15, 2024 · The average salary for a truck driver is $1,452 per week in Massachusetts. 3.1k salaries reported, updated at March 4, 2024 The average hourly pay for a Commercial Truck Driver is $23.08 in 2024. Hourly Rate. $17 - $30. Bonus. $371 - $5k. Profit Sharing. $12 - $9k. Total Pay. $38k - …The state of Illinois offers the I-PASS, which is a system that lets drivers pay for tolls online, as of 2015, according to the website of the Illinois Tollway.The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also …The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also have much ...If you truly can't stand your ID photo, you may be able to pay to get a new one. Passport and driver’s license photos are notoriously bad—about as far from glamour shots as you can...As of Jan 22, 2024, the average hourly pay for a Cdl Driver in Massachusetts is $40.20 an hour. While ZipRecruiter is seeing salaries as high as $97.92 and as low as $15.49, the majority of Cdl Driver salaries currently range between $26.25 (25th percentile) to $45.14 (75th percentile) in Massachusetts. The average pay range for a Cdl Driver ...Hot shot loads have become increasingly popular in the trucking industry, offering great opportunities for non-CDL drivers to earn a living. With the right strategies and knowledge...Jan 28, 2024 · Average Costco Wholesale Truck Driver hourly pay in the United States is approximately $27.27, which is 19% above the national average. Salary information comes from 22 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job advertisements on Indeed in the past 36 months. Please note that all salary figures are ... The average CDL driver makes $59,925 per year in the United States. Was this answer helpful? Yes. No. ... The average truck driver's salary in the US is $60,175. The average owner-operator salary is much higher according to reported salaries by Indeed users, at $188,151. Keep in mind that owner-operators while making more money also have much ...The average CDL Driver salary in New York, NY is $64,773 as of , but the salary range typically falls between $57,447 and $73,322. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession.Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine The Department of Medicine Task Force on Women’s Academic Careers (Women's Task Fo...We’ve identified 12 states where the typical salary for a Cdl Truck Driver job is above the national average. Topping the list is Alaska, with Oregon and Massachusetts close behind in second and third. Massachusetts beats the national average by 7.4%, and Alaska furthers that trend with another $5,736 (7.8%) above the $73,147.An Entry Level Cdl Driver in your area makes on average $36 per hour, or $1.63 (43.144%) less than the national average hourly salary of $37.80. Virginia ranks number 17 out of 50 states nationwide for Entry Level Cdl Driver salaries. To estimate the most accurate hourly salary range for Entry Level Cdl Driver jobs, ZipRecruiter …The average hourly wage for a CDL Driver in the United States is $27 as of February 26, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $24 and $30. Hourly rate can vary … ---1