The city of Boston offers a range of swimmable beaches with only one drawback—chilly water. Castle Island is considered the best option on the southern waterfront. The name Pleasure Bay speaks for itself. The area boasts a fishing pier, a star-shaped fort which is interesting to explore, and Boston Logan Airport is just across the …Skaket Beach | Orleans, MA. The northward “hook” of the Cape Cod peninsula forms a catch basin for the ocean currents that push past Maine, New Hampshire, the North Shore, and Boston, making it a fertile area for sea glass. Located on the bay side of the Cape, Skaket Beach is a landing spot for many interesting gifts from the sea.Rock Harbor. A majestic beach to spread out and explore, the sands of Rock Harbor near Orleans are a playground of adventure at low tide. When conditions are right, sunset casts a mirror-like visage over the slick sand flats at Rock Harbor, where visitors can stroll beneath partially submerged pine trees. The beach is renowned for …1. Good Harbor, Gloucester. Named one of the top 25 beaches in the US by Travel & Leisure in 2022, Good Harbor Beach is certainly one of Cape Ann’s treasures …Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast. Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast. Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast ... 10 Park Plaza | Suite 6620 , Boston, MA 02116 Directions . Phone. Main Office Call Department of Conservation and Recreation, Main Office at (617) 626-1250. Open M-F 9am-5pm. Online. Email …The city of Boston offers a range of swimmable beaches with only one drawback—chilly water. Castle Island is considered the best option on the southern waterfront. The name Pleasure Bay speaks for itself. The area boasts a fishing pier, a star-shaped fort which is interesting to explore, and Boston Logan Airport is just across the …Salisbury Beach State Park in Salisbury, MA Summers at Salisbury Beach State Park are a tradition for a number of families, and for good reason. The North of Boston beach is spans more than three miles along the Atlantic Ocean, while the park covers more than 500 acres, with plenty of space to fish, boat, camp and take a stroll.This 2.5-mile stretch of sand has views of the Boston Harbor Islands and plenty to do for all ages. Beyond just swimming and sunbathing, one end of the beach also has a play area, lookout tower, and picnic tables. This beach has restrooms, some free parking, and two fried clam restaurants right across the street.Boston Beach is a coastal community on the north coast of the island of Jamaica, with a public beach which is one of the few beaches in Jamaica attracting ...1. Pleasure Bay. William J Day Blvd, Boston, MA 02127 ( Google Maps) Visit Website. Pleasure Bay is a public beach with clear water and clean sand. Lifeguards are …South Boston - Dogs are allowed on Carson Beach in Southie on leash and only during the off-season. Deer Island/Nut Island - Dogs can take a water taxi to both ...Along Boston’s coast and on its islands, you will find an assortment of sandy, rocky, pebbly, and cobbly beaches. Sand dunes, woodlands, marshlands, sparkling waters, and …Top 10 Best Ocean Beach in Boston, MA - October 2023 - Yelp - Castle Island Beach, Carson Beach, Nahant Beach, Boston Harbor Islands, Boston Harbor Walk, Revere Beach, World's End, Deer Island, M Street Beach, Spectacle IslandHuntington Beach. #21 in Best California Beaches for 2024. If you're looking for the quintessential California beach experience, head to Huntington Beach. Dubbed Surf City USA, Huntington Beach ... 2080 William J Day Blvd., South Boston, MA 02127. Constitution Beach, East Boston. Photo by Christopher Evans/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via Getty Images. Information. GO. United States of America. Massachusetts. Boston. 10 Best Beaches in Boston. What is the Most Popular Beach in Boston? Content. Revere Beach. Crane …Experience a range of family-friendly summer activities near Boston beaches. Carson Beach—South Boston. Carson Beach is a family-friendly beach located in South Boston, offering a perfect getaway for families seeking a day of sun, sand, and relaxation. Situated just a short distance from the bustling city, this beach provides a serene oasis ... Orient Heights Beach, East Boston. Free parking, close to Boston, and bathrooms are just a few things that make Orient Heights Beach great. Sit on the beach and enjoy the beauty of the Boston skyline from this beach. 10. Lynn Park Beach, Lynn. Lynn Park Beach is a great place to enjoy a day in the sun, and take a walk around the 3-mile paved path. 1. Constitution Beach. 11. Beaches. Harbor View - Orient Heights. By brennan2013. Snack bar was closed and beach was closed to swimming so can review either. Nice take off …Dec 3, 2021 · If you are visiting south of Boston, travel along the red lines to the Carson Beach Boston which is the most enticing beaches in South Boston Boston. The beach has recently undergone an extensive renovation and is the most popular Boston beaches during the summertime. If you want to get the full experience, visit during the windy and colder ... Located five miles North of Boston, the Revere Beach Reservation was the first public beach in the United States. The reservation, under the jurisdiction of ...Meanwhile, beaches without such restrictions are seeing what look like typical summer crowds, with groups at M Street Beach in South Boston pressed close together with nary a mask in sight.There are plenty of clean and clear freshwater lakes perfect for swimming, boating, fishing and camping throughout the state. 333 Commercial Street. Provincetown, Massachusetts. 400 North. New Bedford, Massachusetts. 400 South. New Bedford, Massachusetts. 40th Pole. Nantucket, Massachusetts.41 reviews and 84 photos of Constitution Beach "Located Near Logan Airport , and within walking distance of Orient Heights T station (BLUE LINE) and the Winthrop Busses, this beach with ample parking is a hidden GEM in close proximity to Boston. They have done a lot of work with the beach and if you haven't been there lately you will be surprised at …The four beaches given a perfect score were Pleasure Bay and City Point Beach in South Boston, Nantasket Beach in Hull, and Winthrop Beach. Beaches that received a score ranging from the mid 80s to high 90s included Revere Beach, Carson, Constitution and M Street Beach in Boston. The report does show that the overall …Here is the list of 11 Best Beaches in Boston for a Day Trip. 1. Carson Beach. Carson Beach, South Boston is a public beach and an excellent location for swimming, playing volleyball, walking along the shoreline or …Skaket Beach | Orleans, MA. The northward “hook” of the Cape Cod peninsula forms a catch basin for the ocean currents that push past Maine, New Hampshire, the North Shore, and Boston, making it a fertile area for sea glass. Located on the bay side of the Cape, Skaket Beach is a landing spot for many interesting gifts from the sea.Find out the best beaches in Massachusetts, from Boston to Cape Cod, with amenities, parking, and tips. Whether you want a city view, a lighthouse, or a hiking trail, this guide has you covered. Nickerson Beach. 120 Dorchester St. Quincy, MA, 02205 Phone: 617-376-1251. Nickerson Beach is a very small beach which primarily serves the adjacent Squantum residential neighborhood of Quincy. This scenic coastal area, with its extensive salt marsh and mudflats, is attractive to birds and for bird watching. If you’re looking to achieve a beautiful, sun-kissed glow, palm beach tans may be just what you need. These tanning solutions offer a range of benefits that can help you look and f...2. Crane Beach, Ipswich. Source: Melody Mulligan / shutterstock. Crane Beach, Ipswich. One of the most beautiful beaches on the east coast, covering around 1,234-acres, is Crane Beach. It is known for the clean, soft sand, calm water, and miles upon miles of mind-blowing views.8. Upper Goose Beach. Some of the clearest water in Massachusetts is hidden along a 3.5-mile hiking trail on Upper Goose Pond in Becket. While not your traditional beach setup, this natural pond boasts more privacy than any other public access spot in the state, with water so clear you can see straight to the bottom.Top 10 Best Naked Beach in Boston, MA - February 2024 - Yelp - Mirabella Pool, Mystic Lakes - Sandy Beach, Wang YMCA of Chinatown, Quincy Variety, Essex Street Market, Union Street Market. The Best Beaches Near Boston. North America / United States of America / Boston /. With a beautiful coastline, many Bostonians love heading to the shore to relax or enjoy water sports. With miles of gorgeous beaches around town, many sections of the coastline of Boston make for the perfect place to kick back and soak up the sun. This 2.5-mile stretch of sand has views of the Boston Harbor Islands and plenty to do for all ages. Beyond just swimming and sunbathing, one end of the beach also has a play area, lookout tower, and picnic tables. This beach has restrooms, some free parking, and two fried clam restaurants right across the street.Quincy. Squantum Point Park at Marina Bay in Quincy. Denise King. “Squantum Point park Park at Marina Bay. There’s a short walk to the waterfront and a DCR beach and viewing area looking ...Pleasure Bay Beach is one of the most most popular beaches in Boston. It’s connected to Castle Island, a popular peninsula that sits on the shore of Boston Harbor. It’s also part of the Boston Harborwalk, which is a 38-mile nearly continual path …In today’s digital age, staying informed has never been easier. With a plethora of online news outlets and social media platforms, accessing news is just a click away. One of the b...The Boston Bruins have a dedicated and passionate fan base that spans across the globe. Whether you’re a die-hard fan or just starting to follow the team, staying connected and cat...Feb 22, 2024 · 1. Carson Beach. Carson Beach is a popular public beach in the South Boston neighborhood, a part of a 3-mile-long line of parks along the Boston shoreline. The beach is sandy and smooth, with lovely views of Boston Harbor. It is suitable for swimming only in the midsummer, and the water is cold most of the year. Weather in Boston Boston has humid, warm summers, and cold, snowy winters with generally cool or mild springs and falls. Boston is warmest in July and August, with average high temperatures of 27 °C (81 °F) in July and 27 °C (80 °F) in August. The water is also at its warmest during these months, with the monthly average maximum ... Reviews on Best Beaches in Boston, MA - Castle Island Beach, Nahant Beach, Wollaston Beach, Stodder's Neck, Winthrop Beach Reservation, Carson Beach, World's End, Bumpkin Island, Savin Hill Beach/ McConnell Park, Boston Harbor Islands 3 places sorted by traveler favorites. 1. Constitution Beach. Snack bar was closed and beach was closed to swimming so can review either. Nice take off and landing of the larger... 2. Carson Beach. A surprisingly nice beach, easily accessible from the JFK/UMass Redline Stop. This beach has large facilities for... This 2.5-mile stretch of sand has views of the Boston Harbor Islands and plenty to do for all ages. Beyond just swimming and sunbathing, one end of the beach also has a play area, lookout tower, and picnic tables. This beach has restrooms, some free parking, and two fried clam restaurants right across the street.Are you planning a trip to Boston, the vibrant and historic capital of Massachusetts? Look no further than nonstop flights to Boston for a convenient and hassle-free travel experie...Sep 27, 2023 · Located only half an hour outside of Boston, Massachusetts, The Oceanview of Nahant is a quaint, seaside resort that can accommodate up to 220 wedding guests. This venue is open year-round with a heated and enclosed Beach Stone Terrace for winter and also offers couples a private beach that includes 720 feet of Atlantic coastline. Aug 2, 2013 ... Unfortunately, if you don't have a car, there are few beaches easily accessibly by public transport. By T (the subway): the easiest beaches ...Revere Beach near Boston was the first public beach in the US. It had the world's tallest roller coaster from 1925 to 1964 and was a classic east coast beach town until the 1950s and 1960s. For a classic east coast beach town, take the Amtrak Downeaster up to Old Orchard Beach in Maine. 20.Jul 20, 2023 ... Bacteria contamination from heavy rains forces Boston-area beaches to close during heatwave.This 2.5-mile stretch of sand has views of the Boston Harbor Islands and plenty to do for all ages. Beyond just swimming and sunbathing, one end of the beach also has a play area, lookout tower, and picnic tables. This beach has restrooms, some free parking, and two fried clam restaurants right across the street.. Huntington Beach. #21 in Best California Beaches for 2024. If you're looking for the quintessential California beach experience, head to Huntington Beach. Dubbed Surf City USA, Huntington Beach ...The beaches of South Boston continue to be among the cleanest urban beaches in the country, with Carson Beach, Pleasure Bay and City Point Beach each receiving perfect scores of 100% in 2022. Eleven area beaches earned scores of over 90% this year, while just one beach, King’s Beach in Lynn and Swampscott, scored below …The Boston Massacre was important because it helped reignite calls for ending the relationship between the American colonists and the British. It was also crucial in galvanizing co...This is one of the best beaches near Boston if you’re in South Boston. Nantasket Beach will be one of the closest beaches to you. For example, it’s only about a 25-minute drive from Quincy. Tip: While you’re in the area check out World’s End. It’s a 250-acre ocean view park in Hingham near Hull. 6. Duxbury Beach, Duxbury.Here are the best beaches in Massachusetts ranked! 25. Salisbury Beach State Reservation, Salisbury. Salisbury Beach has a boardwalk and tons of sand for hours of summer fun. Though the water can be a bit rough, Salisbury is a great beach in Northern Massachusetts for kids, teens, and adults, as long as you know how to watch the surf.5. Nauset Beach. Orleans. Stretching for 10 miles, Nauset Beach has all the amenities for an exhilarating Cape Cod getaway. It’s farther south compared to other outer Cape beaches and more convenient when …Plan your trip to the beach with this snapshot of year-round temperatures in Boston: The hottest months are usually July and August with an average temp of 70°F, while the coldest months are January and February with an average of 34°F. Average annual precipitation for Boston is 50 inches.1. Constitution Beach. 11. Beaches. Harbor View - Orient Heights. By brennan2013. Snack bar was closed and beach was closed to swimming so can review either. Nice take off …Location: 6.4 miles southwest of downtown Boston, MA. Length: 3.6-mile loop. Difficulty Rating: Easy. Best For: An adaptable ramble through Harvard’s arboretum. Dogs: Leashed. With more than 17,000 individual plants arrayed over 281 acres and a schedule packed with guided tours and educational offerings, the 150-year-old Arnold …This 2.5-mile stretch of sand has views of the Boston Harbor Islands and plenty to do for all ages. Beyond just swimming and sunbathing, one end of the beach also has a play area, lookout tower, and picnic tables. This beach has restrooms, some free parking, and two fried clam restaurants right across the street.Top 10 Best Naked Beach in Boston, MA - February 2024 - Yelp - Mirabella Pool, Mystic Lakes - Sandy Beach, Wang YMCA of Chinatown, Quincy Variety, Essex Street Market, Union Street Market.16. Horseneck Beach Reservation, Westport. Map of Beaches in Massachusetts. 1. Crane Beach, Ipswich. Sunset at Crane Beach. A pristine stretch of sand beach backed by dunes and wind-ruffled beach grass, Crane Beach is part of the vast Crane Estate, meticulously maintained and protected by the Trustees of Reservations.Jun 30, 2013 · Top ways to experience nearby attractions. Martha's Vineyard Daytrip from Boston with Round-Trip Ferry & Island Tour Option. 477. Full-day Tours. from. $119.00. per adult. Italian Dinner with Tiramisu Finale in Boston. 33. Top 10 Best Ocean Beach in Boston, MA - October 2023 - Yelp - Castle Island Beach, Carson Beach, Nahant Beach, Boston Harbor Islands, Boston Harbor Walk, Revere Beach, World's End, Deer Island, M Street Beach, Spectacle IslandLOCATION, LOCATION LOCATION, 2 Bed, 2 Bath Luxury Condo. Sleeps 6 · 2 bedrooms · 2 bathrooms. 4.8. Exceptional. Explore an array of Boston beach rentals, all bookable online. Choose from 217 beach rentals in Boston and rent the perfect vacation rental for your next weekend or vacation.Filters • 1. Sort. Top Boston Beaches: See reviews and photos of Beaches in Boston, Massachusetts on Tripadvisor.Reviews of Gloucester’s Beaches. Boston Magazine’s - 100 Best Beaches in Massachusetts New England Today - Prettiest Beaches in New England Discover New England - Beaches Boston Globe Magazine - What are the Best Beaches in New England. Dog Owners: Please review Rules and Regulations related to dogs and public …A Massachusetts beach named for “the way the sand squeaks under your feet” is one of the best beaches in the U.S., according to Jetsetter magazine. Singing Beach in Manchester-by-the-Sea […]5. Catch a game at Boston's famed stadiums and parks. Boston is a sports city, and whether or not you're a sports fan, the city's commitment to its home teams is contagious. Fenway is a great place to start; opened in 1912, it's the oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball. There's also TD Garden, home to the Celtics, Bruins and mainstream ...Barry Chin/Globe Staff. Salisbury residents are appealing to the state for help after flooding washed away approximately 7,500 tons of sand from Salisbury Beach over …Top 10 Best Ocean Beach in Boston, MA - October 2023 - Yelp - Castle Island Beach, Carson Beach, Nahant Beach, Boston Harbor Islands, Boston Harbor Walk, Revere Beach, World's End, Deer Island, M Street Beach, Spectacle IslandWhen the water quality is unsafe, the beach is required to be “posted” with a sign that indicates swimming is unsafe and may cause illness. Over 50 Massachusetts beaches were closed for swimming due to high levels of bacteria in the water Saturday, which was expected to be a big beach day statewide as temperatures soared into the … 2080 William J Day Blvd., South Boston, MA 02127. Constitution Beach, East Boston. Photo by Christopher Evans/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via Getty Images. Huntington Beach. #21 in Best California Beaches for 2024. If you're looking for the quintessential California beach experience, head to Huntington Beach. Dubbed Surf City USA, Huntington Beach ...Carson Beach is located in South Boston, MA. Carson Beach offers some beautiful views and great public amenities: a rehabilitated Mothers’ Rest, public restrooms, exhibit space, first aid and lifeguard functions, while the outdoor courtyards allow space for passive recreation.May 31, 2022. 1. A new report warns swimmers that the water quality at Boston-area beaches reached a six-year low in 2021, dropping seven percentage points from 2020, The Boston Globe reported ...2080 William J Day Blvd., South Boston, MA 02127. Constitution Beach, East Boston. Photo by Christopher Evans/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via Getty Images.According to the Christian Science Monitor, most NBA cheerleaders are not salaried workers, but are paid $50 to $150 per game, depending on the organization. The Boston Celtics org...Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast. Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast. Find ocean beaches along the Atlantic Coast ... 10 Park Plaza | Suite 6620 , Boston, MA 02116 Directions . Phone. Main Office Call Department of Conservation and Recreation, Main Office at (617) 626-1250. Open M-F 9am-5pm. Online. Email …Quincy. Squantum Point Park at Marina Bay in Quincy. Denise King. “Squantum Point park Park at Marina Bay. There’s a short walk to the waterfront and a DCR beach and viewing area looking ...The ultimate guide to Massachusetts beaches. New England is full of beautiful beaches that inspire photography throughout the year. When Boston.com asked readers to share photos of the beaches ...279 Tremont St. Boston, MA 02116. (617) 338-7699. Fri Mar 8, 2024 - 8:00 PM. Ages: 18 & Over. Doors Open: 7:00 PM. Onsale: Fri Sep 29, 2023 - 10:00 AM. $.25 from each ticket purchased will go to The Shout Syndicate, a Boston-based, volunteer-run fundraising effort who raises money to help fund youth-led arts programs at proven non …Popham Beach State Park, Bath. Jeffrey Greenberg/Universal Images Group via Getty Images. This 605-acre park borders the south side of the Kennebec River and is located on a peninsula. Note that ...Located 12 miles from Boston, Nahant Beach is open year-round and offers miles of clean, quiet, and sandy beaches with a picturesque view of the New England coastline. The beach is a great place ...Address: 2010 Day Blvd, Boston, Mass. Carson Beach is a small, three-mile-long state beach on Castle Island in South Boston with a short wooden boardwalk that runs the length of the beach. Situated along the shoreline of Dorchester Bay, Carson Beach is part of the Boston Harbor and offers residents and visitors a place to enjoy the waterfront.Whether you’re an old hand at picking up these beach gems or are looking for a new pastime this summer, here are some of the best beaches for Massachusetts sea glass. 1. Nantasket Beach, Hull. 212 Nantasket Ave, Hull, MA 02045, USA. Google/Christopher L. Godfrey. Weather in Boston Boston has humid, warm summers, and cold, snowy winters with generally cool or mild springs and falls. Boston is warmest in July and August, with average high temperatures of 27 °C (81 °F) in July and 27 °C (80 °F) in August. The water is also at its warmest during these months, with the monthly average maximum ... South Boston - Dogs are allowed on Carson Beach in Southie on leash and only during the off-season. Deer Island/Nut Island - Dogs can take a water taxi to both ...Located 12 miles from Boston, Nahant Beach is open year-round and offers miles of clean, quiet, and sandy beaches with a picturesque view of the New England coastline. The beach is a great place ...March Madness has finally arrived and the 2024 NCAA Tournament is wide open this season. Here's a look at the bracket, which includes matchups, tip-off times, …Dr. Stephen Leatherman, also known as “Dr. Beach,” recently released his annual list of the top 10 beaches in America , and Coast Guard Beach in Eastham ranked No. 10. The beach is one of six ...The FAA is investigating the commercial flight's encounter with an "unmanned aircraft." Aviation authorities are investigating an incident in which a Delta flight encountered an "u...Every beach here is unique and offers a special combination of terrain, sand, rocks and water. Saltwater beaches offer unlimited potential for sunbathing, swimming, beach combing and exploration of tide pools for young and old. Make sure you time your visit well, as the tidal range in the Boston area is over 8 feet.When you need to stay up to date on the latest news, the Boston Globe helps you keep current. You can enjoy a daily newspaper delivered to your home, or you can log in to your Bost...2080 William J Day Blvd., South Boston, MA 02127. Constitution Beach, East Boston. Photo by Christopher Evans/MediaNews Group/Boston Herald via Getty Images.LOCATION, LOCATION LOCATION, 2 Bed, 2 Bath Luxury Condo. Sleeps 6 · 2 bedrooms · 2 bathrooms. 4.8. Exceptional. Explore an array of Boston beach rentals, all bookable online. Choose from 217 beach rentals in Boston and rent the perfect vacation rental for your next weekend or vacation.Here is the list of 18 Top Rated Beaches in Houston. 1. Sylvan Beach, Houston. The Sylvan Beach is the nearest beach to downtown Houston. It is the perfect place to relax or enjoy time with family and friends. The fine sand, lesser seaweed, and smaller waves make it an enjoyable destination for swimming.Here are the best beaches in Massachusetts ranked! 25. Salisbury Beach State Reservation, Salisbury. Salisbury Beach has a boardwalk and tons of sand for hours of summer fun. Though the water can be a bit rough, Salisbury is a great beach in Northern Massachusetts for kids, teens, and adults, as long as you know how to watch the surf.Mar 8, 2024 · 279 Tremont St. Boston, MA 02116. (617) 338-7699. Fri Mar 8, 2024 - 8:00 PM. Ages: 18 & Over. Doors Open: 7:00 PM. Onsale: Fri Sep 29, 2023 - 10:00 AM. $.25 from each ticket purchased will go to The Shout Syndicate, a Boston-based, volunteer-run fundraising effort who raises money to help fund youth-led arts programs at proven non-profit ... Aug 2, 2013 ... Unfortunately, if you don't have a car, there are few beaches easily accessibly by public transport. By T (the subway): the easiest beaches ...Dec 3, 2021 · If you are visiting south of Boston, travel along the red lines to the Carson Beach Boston which is the most enticing beaches in South Boston Boston. The beach has recently undergone an extensive renovation and is the most popular Boston beaches during the summertime. If you want to get the full experience, visit during the windy and colder ... Boston Beach is a coastal community on the north coast of the island of Jamaica, with a public beach which is one of the few beaches in Jamaica attracting ...Top 10 Best Dog Friendly Beaches in Boston, MA - January 2024 - Yelp - Castle Island Beach, World's End, Savin Hill Beach/ McConnell Park, Breakheart Reservation, Stodder's Neck , Blue Hills Reservation, Fresh Pond, Ocean House Surf …Escape the heat of the city and catch a wave to one of these 10 beaches in + near Boston. Castle Island, 2010 Day Blvd. Free parking is available in the lot near Fort Independence for this location that has three beaches in one, with access to Carson Beach, Pleasure Bay, and M Street Beach.There are some state run beaches in and around the Boston area. There are some town beaches up and down the coast. So just knowing where they are is quite helpful." This segment aired on May 5, 2023.It's located on the sheltered waters of the basin here at Dorchester Bay and offers a nice promenade along its length. There is some sandy space towards the south - far more so than at Savin Hill Beach, at least - while some of the beach is covered with reeds. There's also a bathhouse just south of the parking lot.May 30, 2018 · The Scituate Historical Society, which has managed the property since 1968, calls it “the most welcoming Lighthouse in the United States.”. Open in Google Maps. 100 Lighthouse Rd, Scituate, MA ... When it comes to iconic New England dishes, few can rival the creamy and flavorful goodness of clam chowder. And if you’re looking for the best place to indulge in this classic sea... ---1